MS Paint, the first app you used for editing images, will probably be killed off in future updates of Windows 10, replaced by the new app Paint 3D. Microsoft lists. Using of BULK COLLECT and FORALL for better performance Published Tuesday, August 16, 2005 by Radoslav Rusinov Email this post. Sql Server Express Limit Hack' title='Sql Server Express Limit Hack' />Hello, As far as I am aware both MS SQL Server Express 2008 and Express 2012 limit ram usage per instance to 1GB. SQL Server Express RAM usage question. When debugging a problem, its always frustrating to get sidetracked hunting down the relevant logs. PostgreSQL users can select any of several different ways to. Sql Server Express Limit Hack' title='Sql Server Express Limit Hack' />Dear Postgre. SQL Where are my logs When debugging a problem, its always frustrating to get sidetracked hunting down the relevant logs. Postgre. SQL users can select any of several different ways to handle database logs, or even choose a combination. But especially for new users, or those getting used to an unfamiliar system, just finding the logs can be difficult. One of my guys just pointed this out to me, thought it might be of interest to the group. Win QShell theres a db2 command. The command runs any sql statement you. Abusing Windows Management Instrumentation WMI to Build a Persistent Asynchronous and Fileless Backdoor. Imagine a technology that is built into every Windows. To ease that pain, heres a key to help dig up the correct logs. First, connect to Postgre. SQL with psql, pgadmin, or some other client that lets you run SQL queries, and run this foo show logdestination. The logdestination setting tells Postgre. SQL where log entries should go. In most cases it will be one of four values, though it can also be a comma separated list of any of those four values. Well discuss each in turn. SYSLOGSyslog is a complex beast, and if your logs are going here, youll want more than this blog post to help you. Different systems have different syslog daemons, those daemons have different capabilities and require different configurations, and we simply cant cover them all here. Your syslog may be configured to send Postgre. SQL logs anywhere on the system, or even to an external server. For your purposes, though, youll need to know what ident and facility youre using. These values tag each syslog message coming from Postgre. SQL, and allow the syslog daemon to sort out where the message should go. Sql Server Express Limit Hack' title='Sql Server Express Limit Hack' />You can find them like this foo show syslogfacility. Syslog is often useful, in that it allows administrators to collect logs from many applications into one place, to relieve the database server of logging IO overhead which may or may not actually help anything, or any number of other interesting rearrangements of log data. EVENTLOGFor Postgre. SQL systems running on Windows, you can send log entries to the Windows event log. Youll want to tell Windows to expect the log values, and what event source theyll come from. Download B&Amp. You can find instructions for this operation in the Postgre. SQL documentation discussing server setup. STDERRThis is probably the most common log destination its the default, after all and can get fairly complicated in itself. Selecting stderr instructs Postgre. SQL to send log data to the stderr short for standard error output pipe most operating systems give every new process by default. The difficulty is that Postgre. SQL or the applications that launch it can then redirect this pipe to all kinds of different places. If you start Postgre. SQL manually with no particular redirection in place, log entries will be written to your terminal josheddie pgctl D PGDATA start. LOG database system was shut down at 2. MST. LOG database system is ready to accept connections. LOG autovacuum launcher started. LOG statement select syntax error. ERROR column syntax does not exist at character 8. STATEMENT select syntax error. In these logs youll see the logs from me starting the database, connecting to it from some other terminal, and issuing the obviously erroneous command select syntax error. But there are several ways to redirect this elsewhere. The easiest is with pgctls l option, which essentially redirects stderr to a file, in which case the startup looks like this josheddie pgctl l logfile D PGDATA start. Finally, you can also tell Postgre. SQL to redirect its stderr output internally, with the loggingcollector option which older versions of Postgre. SQL named redirectstderr. This can be on or off, and when on, collects stderr output into a configured log directory. So if you end see a logdestination set to stderr, a good next step is to check loggingcollector foo show loggingcollector. In this system, loggingcollector is turned on, which means we have to find out where its collecting logs. First, check logdirectory. In my case, below, its an absolute path, but by default its the relative path pglog. This is relative to the Postgre. SQL data directory. Log files are named according to a pattern in logfilename. Each of these settings is shown below foo show logdirectory. Y m dHMS. Documentation for each of these options, along with settings governing log rotation, is available here. If loggingcollector is turned off, you can still find the logs using the proc filesystem, on operating systems equipped with one. First youll need to find the process ID of a Postgre. SQL process, which is simple enough foo select pgbackendpid. Then, check procYOURPIDHEREfd2, which is a symlink to the log destination josheddie ll proc3. Nov 5 1. 2 5. 2 proc3. CSVLOGThe csvlog mode creates logs in CSV format, designed to be easily machine readable. In fact, this section of the Postgre. SQL documentation even provides a handy table definition if you want to slurp the logs into your database. CSV logs are produced in a fixed format the administrator cannot change, but it includes fields for everything available in the other log formats. For these to work, you need to have loggingcollector turned on without loggingcollector, the logs simply wont show up anywhere. But when configured correctly, Postgre. SQL will create CSV format logs in the logdirectory, with file names mostly following the logfilename pattern. Heres my example database, with logdestination set to stderr, csvlog and loggingcollector turned on, just after I start the database and issue one query josheddie develpglog ll. Nov 1. 2 1. 6 3. Nov 1. The CSV log output looks like this josheddie develpglog cat postgresql 2. MST,2. 99. 3,5. MST,0,LOG,0. MST,. 2. MST,2. 99. MST,0,LOG,0. 00. MST,2. MST,0,LOG,0. 00. MST,josh,josh,3. MST,21. 0,0,LOG,0. Using of BULK COLLECT and FORALL for better performanceCURSOR cdeptdata ISSELECT deptid, deptname. FROM departments. WHERE deptid in 8,1. TYPE rtdeptid IS TABLE OF departments. TYPE INDEX BY BINARYINTEGER TYPE rtdeptname IS TABLE OF departments. TYPE INDEX BY BINARYINTEGER vrtdeptid rtdeptid vrtdeptname rtdeptname BEGINOPEN cdeptdata FETCH cdeptdata BULK COLLECT INTO vrtdeptid,vrtdeptname CLOSE cdeptdata FORALL i IN vrtdeptid. FIRST. vrtdeptid. LASTUPDATE departmentstmp. SET deptname vrtdeptnameiWHERE deptid vrtdeptidi.