A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. This article is about the former President of India. For the Indian freedom fighter, see Abul Kalam Azad. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam better known as A. P. J. Abdul Kalam   listen 1. October 1. 93. 1 2. July 2. 01. 5, was the 1. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Early life and education. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban. Download Free Hindi Books. Download All Ved and Puran in Pdf Format Agni Puran Download Bhagwat Puran Download Bhavishya Puran Download Brahma Puran Download Brahmand Puran. President of India from 2. A career scientist turned statesman, Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO and Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO and was intimately involved in Indias civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in Indias Pokhran II nuclear tests in 1. India in 1. 97. 4. Kalam was elected as the 1. President of India in 2. Bharatiya Janata Party and the then opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the Peoples President,6 he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, Indias highest civilian honour. While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 2. July 2. 01. 5, aged 8. Thousands including national level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with full state honours. Early life and education. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 1. October 1. 93. 1 to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque 9 his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family acquired the title of Mara Kalam Iyakkivar wooden boat steerers, which over the years became shortened to Marakier. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1. By his early childhood, Kalams family had become poor at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his familys income. In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics. Gujarati Book onlineFree,Gujarati BookGujarati PDF Books Gujarati EbookonlineFree to read or Download. After completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Josephs College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1. He moved to Madras in 1. Madras Institute of Technology. While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline. He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF. Career as a scientist. This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachersDr Vikram Sarabhai, Prof Satish Dhawan and Dr Brahm Prakash. Banana Accounting Torrent'>Banana Accounting Torrent. This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me. A P J Abdul Kalam2. After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1. Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation by Press Information Bureau, Government of India as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research Development Service DRDS. He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO. Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. In 1. 96. 9, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO where he was the project director of Indias first Satellite Launch Vehicle SLV III which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near earth orbit in July 1. Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1. In 1. 96. 9, Kalam received the governments approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers. In 1. 96. 3 to 1. NASAs Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland and Wallops Flight Facility. Between the 1. 97. Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV and SLV III projects, both of which proved to be successful. Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the countrys first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1. 97. 0s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalams directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. Burnout Paradise Cops And Robbers Pc Download. His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1. Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating 3. Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme IGMDP and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface to surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns. Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1. December 1. 99. 9. The Pokhran II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase. Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the countrys best known nuclear scientist. Download Free Sanskrit Books from Digital Library of India. The Digital Library of Indiainitiative has scanned and placed online, over 5,3. They are available free of cost from the website of Digital Library of India and its mirror sites http 2. Digital Library of India has recently launched a new site where books can be directly downloaded in PDF format. More than 5. 0,0. Indology, Sanskrit literature and Hindu religious texts, including the Vedas and other scriptures. A lot of them are rare and not available elsewhere and come from University libraries like the TTDRSVP Sanskrit university at Tirupati, Sringeri Math etc. You can directly get neatly formatted Adobe PDF books using the software, DLI Downloader hosted at https code. Dec 2. 01. 7 It seems DLI has shut down its old website and transferred all books to https archive. All books are now available as PDF files. Those who prefer to have DJVU, TIFF, etc have that option too.