Tagalog grammar Wikipedia. Tagalog grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Tagalog language, the language of the Tagalog region of the Philippines. In Tagalog, there are eight basic parts of speech verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and particles. Tagalog is a slightly inflected language. Pronouns are inflected for number and verbs, for focus, aspect and voice. Tagalog verbs are morphologically complex and are conjugated by taking on a variety of affixes reflecting focustrigger, aspect, voice, and others. Below is a chart of the main verbal affixes, which consist of a variety of prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes. In the chart, CV stands for the reduplicated first syllable of a root word, which is usually the first consonant and the first vowel of the word. N stands for a nasal consonant which assimilates to ng, n, or m depending on the consonant following it. Punctuation marks indicate the type of affix a particular bound morpheme is for example, hyphens mark prefixes and suffixes, and um is an infix that is placed between the first consonant and the first vowel of a root word. The word sumulat sumulat actor focus and completed aspect or infinitive is composed of the root word sulat and the infix um. Its other conjugated forms are susulat susulat and sumusulat sumusulat. Rosetta Stone is the best way to learn a foreign language. The awardwinning language solution combines proven learning methods with the worlds best speech. Free resources, tools and information about the Tagalog language The only fulltext PolishEnglishPolish Online Translator, online Polish Dictionary by Ectaco, Inc. Free automated text translation system. With object focus verbs in the completed and progressive aspects, the infix in frequently becomes the infix ni or the prefix ni if the root word begins with l, r, w, or y e. With the suffixes in and an, if the root word ends in a vowel, the suffixes insert an h at the beginning to become hin and han to make speaking more natural. This does not usually happen with root words ending in pseudo vowels such as w and y. An example of this is basa which becomes basahin rather than basain. The imperative affixes are not often used in Manila, but they do exist in other Tagalog speaking provinces. Solidworks 2014 Activator Only there. Complete. Progressive. Contemplative. Infinitive. Imperative. Actor trigger Ium. Actor trigger IInag. CV. pagbasa. Actor trigger IIIna. Actor trigger IVnang. CV. nangbabasamang CV. Object trigger Iin. CV. hin. basahin a or verb root. Object trigger IIiin. CinV. ibasa an or i. Object trigger IIIin. CinV. han. CV. han. Locative triggerin. CinV. han. CV. han. Benefactive triggeriin. CinV. ibasaInstrument triggeripina. N. ipinabasaipina. N CV. ipinababasaipa. N CV. ipabasaReason triggerikina. CV. ikinababasaika CV. The aspect of the verb indicates the progressiveness of the verb. It specifies whether the action happened, is happening or will happen. Tagalog verbs are conjugated for time using aspect rather than tense. The complete aspect of a verb indicates the action has been completed. The progressive aspect of a verb indicates the action has been started but not been completed or that the action is habitual or a universal fact. The contemplative aspect of a verb indicates that the action has not happened but is anticipated. Some verbs take a fourth aspect known as the recently complete aspect which indicates that the action has just been completed before the time of speaking or before a specified time. Complete. Progressive. Contemplative. Recently Complete. Tagalog. Nagluto ang babae. Nagluluto ang babae. Magluluto ang babae. Kaluluto lang ng babae. English translation. The woman cooked. The woman has cooked. The woman cooks. The woman is cooking. The woman will cook. The woman is going to cook. The woman has just cooked. TriggereditThe central feature of verbs in Tagalog and other Philippine languages is the trigger system, often called voice or focus. In this system, the thematic role agent, patient, or oblique of the noun marked by the direct case particle is encoded in the verb. In its default unmarked form, the verb triggers a reading of the direct noun as the patient of the clause. In its second most common form it triggers the noun as the agent of the clause. Other triggers are location, beneficiary, instrument, reason, direction, and the reciprocal. There are three main patient trigger affixes in is used for. Objects that are moved towards the actor kainin to eat something, bilhn to buy something. Objects that are permanently changed basagin to crack something, patayn to kill something. Things that are thought of isipin to think of something, alalahanin to remember something. Affixes can also be used in nouns or adjectives baligtaran from baligtd, to reverse reversible, katamaran from tamd, lazy laziness, kasabihn from sabi, to say proverb, kasagutan from sagt, answer, bayarn from bayad, to pay payment, bukirn from bukid, farm, lupan from lupa, land, pagkakaron from donron, there havingappearance, and pagdrasl from dasl, prayer. Verbs with affixes mostly suffixes are also used as nouns, which are differentiated by stress position. Examples are panoorin to watch or view and panoorn materials to be watched or viewed, hangarn to wish and hangarin goalobjective, aralin to study and araln studies, and bayaran to pay and bayarn someone or something for hire. The agent trigger affixes are um, mag, man, and ma. The difference between mag and um is a source of confusion among learners of the language. Generally speaking there are two main distinctions among many mag refers to externally directed actions and um for internally directed actions. For example, bumil means to buy while magbil means to sell. However this isnt writ law for these affixes there are exceptions for example, mag ahit means to shave oneself while umahit means to shave someone. Tagalog na is used instead of um. Bumil ng saging ang lalaki sa tindahan para sa unggy. The man bought bananas at the store for the monkey. Compared with Binil ng lalaki ang saging sa tindahan para sa unggy. The man bought the banana at the store for the monkey. The locative trigger refers to the location or direction of an action or the area affected by the action. Binilhan ng lalaki ng saging ang tindahan. The man bought bananas at the store. The benefactive trigger refers to the person or thing that benefits from the action i. Ibinil ng lalaki ng saging ang unggy. The man bought bananas for the monkey. Compared with Binilihan ng lalaki ng saging ang tindahan. The man bought bananas for the store. The instrumental trigger refers to the means by which an action is performed. Ipinambil ng lalaki ng saging ang pera ng asawa niy. The man bought bananas with his wifes money. The reason trigger refers to the cause or reason why an action is performed. Ikinagulat ng lalaki ang pagdatng ng unggy. The man got surprised because of the monkeys arrival. The directional trigger refers to the direction the action will go to. Pinuntahan ng lalaki ang tindahan. The man went to the store. The reciprocal trigger refers to the action being done by the subjects at the same time. The subject is usually compound, plural or collective. Naghalikan ang magkasintahan. The couple kissed each other. Tagalog verbs also have affixes expressing grammatical mood Some examples are indicative, causative, potential, social, and distributed.